1. A rectangular tank measures 16mx15mx6m. How many tonnes of oil of RD 0.78 can it hold?
SOLUTION:
Given : L =16m , B = 15m, H = 6m, RD=0.78
Volume of rectangle =(LxBxH)=16x15x6=1440m3
Density=Mass /Volume
0.78=Mass/1440m3
Hence, Mass =1123.2 tonnes
2. A cylindrical tank of diameter 8m is 10m high.400t of oil of RD 0.9 is poured into it. Find the ullage, assuming π to be 3.1416.
SOLUTION:
Given: Diameter = 8m,
Radius = (d/2)m=(8/2)m=4m Height =10m Mass = 400t RD =0.9
Volume of the cylindrical tank = π2h
= 3.1416 x 4 x 4 x 10=502.656m3
Density = (Mass/Volume) 0.9 = 400/ (Volume of the oil)
Hence, Volume of the oil = 400/0.9
=444.44m3
Depth of oil = volume/area Area of cylinder=( π2r)
=(3.1416 x 4 x 4)
=502656m3
We can calculate Depth of oil =(volume of oil)/( area of cylinder) = (444. 44)/(50.2656 ) =8.8418 m
Hence,ullage =(10 – 8.8418)
=1.1582m
3.A tank of 2400m3 volume and 12 depth, has vertical side and horizontal bottom. Find how many tonnes of oil of RD 0.7 it can hold, allowing 2% of the tank for the expansion .state the ullage of loading.
Solution :-
Given : Volume of the tank = 2400m3 Depth of tank =12m RD =0.7
According to the question, 2% of the volume is allowed for expansion.
Density = Mass/ Volume Since volume =(L x B x H) = 2400m3( given )
So, Area = (volume / depth) = (2400/12) =200m2
Mass = ( volume x density) Mass = (2400×0.7) =1680 t
Since 2% of the volume of the tank allowed for expansion = (2/100) x 2400 = 48m3
Volume of the oil = (volume of the tank – free space ) = ( 2400 -48) = 2352 m3
Mass of the oil = (volume x density) =2352 x 0.7
Depth of oil = (volume of oil /area) = 2352/(L x B) = (2352/ 200) =11.76 m
Hence, Ullage = (12-11.76) = 0.24m.
4. A tank 10m deep has vertical sides .its bottom consist of triangle 12mx12mx10m. find the mass of oil (of RD0.800) to be loaded, allowing 3 % of the volume of oil loaded for expansion. State the ullage on completion of loading.
Solution:
Depth of the tank = 10m L, B, H, of triangle = (12 x 12 x 12 RD = 0.8
Allowing, 3% of the volume of the oil loaded for expansion. Area of the triangle = 1/2 (base x height)
In triangle PQR, RQ in the height which divide the base at same length. So In triangle PSR
SR2 =PR2 –PS2 = (122– 52) = (144 -25) =119
So, SR = 10.9m So area of the triangle = 1/2 (10×10.9) =54.5m2
Volume of the tank = (10 x54.5) = 545m3
Now, volume of the oil = (Total volume -free space)
let ‘V’ be the volume of the oil 545 = (V + 3/100 x V) 545 = (V + 3V/ 100) 545 = (103V /100) V = (545 x 100) /103 V = 529.126m3
Mass of the oil = (density x volume) = 0.8 x 529.126 =423.3 t
Depth of the oil = (volume of oil)/(area) = (529.126 /54.5) = 9.7087m
Ullage = ( 10 – 9.708) = 0.292m
5. A rectangular tank measuring 25mx 12m x8m has an ullage pipe projecting 0.3m above the tank top. find the mass of SW in the tank when the ullage is 3.3m.
Solution :
Volume of the rectangular tank = ( L x B x H) = (25 x 12 x 8 )
Pipe above the tank top is 0.3m
Total ullage =3.3m
Ullage inside the tank = (3.3 – 0.3) = 3m
Depth of the SW = (8 – 3) = 5m
Volume of the SW = (L x B x H ) = ( 25 x12 x5) = 1500 m3
Mass of the SW = (volume x density) = (1500 x1.025) = 1537.5 t
6. A rectangular tank measures 30mx 16mx 14m. It has an ullage pipe projecting 0.5m above its top. Oil of RD 0.78 is to be loaded. The pipeline leading from the refinery to the ship is 10km long and 40cm in diameter. At the time of completion, all the oil in the pipeline has to be taken. find at what ullage the valve at the refinery end must be shut so that the final ullage in the ship’s tank would be 0.78m. State also, the mass of oil loaded finally. (Assume π to be 3.1416).
Given :
The volume of the rectangular tank = (L x B x H) =(30 x16 x14) Ullage pipe projecting above its top = 0.5m RD of oil = 0.78 The length of the pipe line from tank to the ship = 10km = 10000m The diameter of the pipe = (d)= 40cm Hence, radius = (40 /2 )= 20cm
Volume of the tank = (L x B x H) = (30m x16m x14m) =6720m3
Area = (L x B) = (30 x 16) = 480m2
The total ullage =0.78m
So ,ullage inside the tank = (0.78 – 0.50) = 0.28m
If ullage inside the tank = 0.25m,The depth of oil to be loaded is = (14 -0.28) m =13.72m
Volume of the oil = (L x B x D) =( 30x 16x 13.72)m = 6585.6 m3
Mass of the oil to be load = (volume x density) = (6585.6 x 0.78) = 5136.768 t
Now , volume of oil in the pipe = (πr2h) =(3.1416 x 0.2 x 0.2 x 10000) =1256.64m3
Depth of oil when it poured in to the tank = (volume /area) = (1256.64 /480) = 2.618m
Depth of the tank without the pipe line oil = (13.72 -2.618) = 11.102m
Thus the ullage will be = (14 -11.102) = 2.898m
Exact ullage where pump should be shut = (2.898 + 0.5)m = 3.398m.
7. A tank with a horizontal base and vertical sides is 10m deep and has rectangular trunkway 1m high. The volume of the tank alone is 8000m3 and that of the trunkway 500m3 . Find the ullage when 5320t of vegetable oil of RD 0.7 is loaded.
Given :
The depth of tank = 10m Height of the trunkway = 1m Volume of the tank alone =8000m3 Volume of the trunkway = 500m3 The mass of the oil =5320 t RD =0.7
Density = (mass /volume) Volume = mass /density = (5320 /0.7) = 7600m3
Depth of oil = (volume /area) = (7600/800) =9.5m
Ullage insides the tank = (10 – 9.5) =0.5m
Total ullage = (1 +0 .5) = 1.5m.
8. A rectangular tank has a total depth of 21m and volume of 20600 m3, which includes of trunkway of depth 1m and volume 600m3. find the ullage when 16320 t of oil of RD 0.8 is loaded.
Given :
The total depth of tank =21m Volume of the tank = 20600m3 The height of the trunkway = 1m Volume of the trunkway = 600m3 Oil loaded = 16320t RD= 0.8 The height of the tank = (21-1) = 20m
Volume of the tank= (20600 – 600) =20000m3
Area of tank = (20000 /20) =10000m2
Volume of the oil = (mass /density) =(1620 /0.8) = 20400 m3
Hence, Volume of the oil inside the trunkway = (Total volume of the oil – volume of the tank) = (20400 – 20000) =400m3
Depth of the oil = (volume /area) = (400/600) = 0.66m
Hence, Ullage = (1 -0.66) = 0.33m
9. A rectangular tank has a total depth of 10.5m and volume 8200m3, which include a trunkway of depth 0.5 m and volume 200m3 . find the mass of oil of oil of RD 0.8 loaded and the ullage, if 2% of the volume of the tank is left for expansion.
Given :
Depth of the tank is = 10.5m Volume of the tank = 8200m3 Depth of the trunkway = 0.5m Volume of the trunkway = 200m3 RD of the oil = 0.8
According to question, 2% of the tank volume left for expansion . Volume of the tank alone = (8200-200) = 8000m3
Height of the tank alone = (10.5 -0.5) = 10 m
2% of the volume of the tank left for expansion . = (2/100 x 8200) =164m3
Volume of the oil to be load = (8200 -164) =8036 m3
Mass of oil to be load = ( volume x density) = (8036 x 0.8) = 6428.8t
Volume of the trunkway = (L x B x 0.5) = 200m3 ( given)
We can calculate Area as = (200 /0.5) =400m2
Volume of the free space = ullage= (volume of the free space)/(area) = (164/ 400)m =0.41m.
10. A rectangular tank has a total depth of 21m and volume 10250m3 which include a trunkway of trunkway of depth 1m and volume 250m3. Oil of RD 0.9 is to be loaded for expansion. find the mass of oil to be loaded and the final ullage.
Given :
Total depth of the tank =21m
Total volume of the tank =10250m3 RD =0.9
According to question , Space left for expansion is =(3% of the volume of the oil)
Let ‘v’ be the volume of the oil 3 /100 x v = volume of free space (Volume of free space) + (volume of oil) = (volume of tank) ( 3/100 x v + v ) = 10250m3 (3v /100 + v) = 10250m3 (103v /100) = 10250m3 V = (10250×100 /103) = 9951.456m3
Volume of the free space = (10000 -9951.456) m3 = 48.544m3
Depth of the free space = (volume / area ) = (48.544 /500) = 0.0970m
Hence , final Ullage =( 1.0 + 0.0970) = 1.097m .